Tikon Username and Password

In The Tikona Digital Networks If You have other users username (Userid) and Password than you can easy Access it and one more Benefit is that Multi User Can Use that same username and password at time. that is not posssible in Reliance wimax.

How Neural Networks differ from Conventional Computer?

Neural Networks perform computation in a very different way than conventional computers, where a single central processing unit sequential dictates every piece of the action. Neural Networks are built from a large number of very simple processing elements that individually deal with pieces of a big problem. A processing element (PE) simply multiplies an output value (table lookup). The principles of neural computation come from the massive processing tasks, and from the adaptive nature of the parameters (weights) that interconnected the PEs.

dot net framework 2.0

.net Framework 2.0 having mainly two component 
1.CLR (Common Language RunTime)
>>CLR is main component of the .net framework
>>CLR provide basic execution environment for framework.
>>CLR is automatically remove unused object so we not need to write any special program for that purpose.
2.BCL (Basic Class Library)
>>BCL is basic building block of .net framework.
>>BCL contain collection of  basic class for every language which are used for programing purpose. 

Satellites in HEO

Satellites in HEO constellations orbit the Earth in planes that are inclined nominally 63,4° against the equatorial plane.This is necessary in order to keep the apogees in the most northern (southern) positions within their elliptical orbits.Typically HEO orbital periods are between 8 and 24 hours. HEO satellites are normally active only about their apogees where they appear nearly stationary to an earth observer for about eight hours, and then have to hand over to a following satellite.The satellites belonging to one particular system appear in time shift in the same celestial region. In the HEO track is sketched in profile showing at every point the true distance to the Earth's surface. In this specially depicted case, the orbital period is 12 hours and the satellites  appear
alternatively at the opposite sides of the rotating globe. Therefore the illustrated HEO track reaches a maximum height at both ends above the geographical latitude of 63,4° North. At both upper ends (solid line), the satellite payloads are active. The dotted line constitutes the part where the satellite payloads are (typically) switched off. For comparison, see figure 2, where two HEO loops are indicated corresponding
to the two ends in profile in figure 1.Under the above conditions, the HEO apogee (maximum height above the Earth's surface) can be up to 42 000 km.However the maximum range to the Earth's surface is in the order of 47 000 km resulting in a maximum propagation delay of the order of 310 ms. HEO satellites reach high relative speeds during their active phase (order of magnitude:2 km/s), so that the Doppler shift (1.3 x 10-5 of radio frequency and bit rate) cannot be neglected: the radio frequency
shift is mainly due to the microwave feeder link and is of the order of 50 kHz for C-band feeder links. The satellite motion is mainly radial relative to the user community, so that common compensation of the Doppler main component is feasible.Irrespective of any user roaming, HEO systems require handover from the descending to the ascending satellite typically every eight hours. Depending on the specific system design, the distance to the two satellites at handover could be significant and a jump in path length cannot be excluded. However, a large Doppler jump will always happen.Within Europe HEO satellites can appear near the zenith. Therefore the user can work under vertical line-of-sight condition for most of the time, with blockage only being experienced in tunnels or under bridges, trees, etc. However vertical propagation is not very good within multi-storey buildings and hence paging, alerting, etc. may not be  satisfactory.
Because vertical propagation can be in principle multipath-free, high data rate services are possible for outdoor operation.A number of HEO orbits have been studied extensively and given names such as "Molnya", "Tundra", and "Loopus".

Satellites in GSO

GSO satellites orbit the Earth in the equatorial plane with the same angular velocity as the Earth at a height of about 36 000 km above the equator. Geostationary satellites therefore appear stationary to an earth-bound observer  and a single satellite can provide continuous service to roughly one third of the Earth's surface (but excludingpolar regions above ± 75 degrees of latitude). The maximum distance the satellite can "see" on the Earth's surface is about 42 000 km and means the propagation delay for a single hop via the satellite (once up and down) can be up to 280 ms. Geostationary satellites also move about their nominal positions causing a small but noticeable Doppler shift on both the feeder and mobile links.For personal and vehicle terminals, handover during a call between GSO satellites is unnecessary because the coverage is static and wide. However handover might be contemplated for aircraft terminals between different spot beams of the same satellite. In the latter case there is practically no difference in path length to consider. Within Europe, GSO satellites appear at low elevation angles. For the geographical latitude of 50°North (e.g.Luxembourg), the satellites reach approximately 31° elevation as a maximum when the satellite is due South: either East or West of this position the elevation slowly reduces. Frequent blocking of the line-of-sight signal therefore occurs from trees, buildings and hills. GSO satellites can work in such a shadowed environment but the satellite Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) would have to be increased by 15 dB to 20 dB or more depending on the coverage required.This could be achieved but has a serious impact on the size and cost of the satellite. In addition, assuming that the mobile EIRP is limited, the satellite receive sensitivity also has to increase and this can only be done with very large spacecraft dish antennas. For this reason, only very low bit rate services (i.e. paging, alerting, etc.) might be viable under such circumstances until the user moves to a more favourable position to receive a voice call.

How to connect to pc in LAN ?

If you use windows xp than both pc must having windows xp operating system.  connect pc using ethernet cable.

start->Control Panel -> Network and Internet Connections -> Network Connections -> Local Area Connection -> Properties -> Internet protocol (TCP/IP) -> Properties 

Select Use the following Ip address Option in that fill

IP Address      192.168.0.1
   Subnet mask     255.255.255.0
   Default gateway 192.168.0.1

than OK.

Same Process in Second Pc but in that IP Address Range sholud

 be from 192.169.0.2 to 192.168.0.254

than OK.

After that in second pc start -> run -> cmd  

  ping  192.168.0.1 

 in 1st pc ping 192.168.1.2

 now both pc are connected in LAN.

 you can set permission of sharing what ever you want to sharing data. 

A BRIEF HISTORY OF VIRUSES

Over the past decades, the computer viruses have evolved through numerous avatars. From being rather 'dumb', they have developed into programs exhibiting surprising 'smart¬ness'. We give you an overview of how viruses have developed over time.

1950'S-1970:THE PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD

The viruses, as we know them now, actually started out in unpretentious surroundings of research laboratories. In the 1950's, researchers studied, what they called as-'Self-altering Automata' programs. Simple program codes were writ-ten to demonstrate rather limited characteristics. In a way, these programs were the pre-historic (in a manner of speaking) ancestors of the modern virus.

In the 1960's computer scientists at the Bell Laboratories had viruses battling each other in a game called Core Wars. The object of the game was to create a virus small enough to destroy opposing viruses without being caught. Like computers, viruses too were studied keeping in mind their military implications. Of course, several research foundations too worked on the non-military uses of viruses.

1970'S-1980:THE EARLY TIMES

This was the time when the term 'VIRUS' gained recognition by moving from the research labs to the living rooms of common users. Science fiction novels in the early 1970's were replete with several instances of viruses and their resultant effects. In fact, an entire episode of the famous science fiction TV series, Star Trek, was devoted to viruses. Around the same time, researchers at the Xerox Corp. demonstrated a self-replicating code they had developed.

By now, the use of computers had proliferated to include most government and corporate users. These computers were beginning to be connected by networks. Several or-ganizations began working on developing useful viruses which could help in improving productivity.

1980'S-1990:THE MIDDLE AGES

While on the one hand, the exponentially increasing use of computers and their availability proved to be a boon to the common users, on the other hand, the ugly faces of compu¬ter viruses also made their appearances. From the compu¬ter-science labs, viruses fell into the hands of cyberpunks -unprincipled programmers; who obtained sadistic pleasures from ruining computer systems across the globe.

Among the earliest instances of malicious uses of viruses was when Gene Burelon a disgruntled employee of a US securities firm, introduced a virus in the company computer network and managed to destroy nearly 1, 68,000 records of the corporate database. In October 1987, the (c) Brain virus, later to be known as the 'Pakistani' virus, was found to be working its way quietly through the computer systems in¬stalled at the University of Delaware. This was probably the first mass distributed virus of its kind. In 1988, the so-called Internet Virus was responsible for the breakdown of nearly 6000 UNIX based computers connected to the Internet network in the US. Other well known viruses that made their appearances were Cascade, Jerusalem, Dark Avenger, etc. During this decade, viruses were written to attack different operating software platforms such as, DOS, MAC, UNIX, etc.

1990'S-2004:THE CURRENT PICTURE

The early part of the 1990's was witness to development of sophisticated strains of existing viruses. It was more of a matching of wits between the developers of viruses and the developers of anti-virus programs. In addition to plugging the loopholes in existing viruses, a new family of viruses called the Macro Viruses also made their appearance. These viruses affected files created in the popular MS Word and MS Excel programs.
The decade of the 1990's has seen more and more virus developers writing stealth virus codes giving rise to sophis¬ticated viruses such as the Zero Hunt virus, the Michael Angelo virus, etc. In addition, viruses written to invade net¬worked environments have also come into being, in line with the increasing use of communication networks. The Year 2000 problem, in all probability, will generate families of new viruses which will come in the guise of Y2K solution pro¬grams.

2005-2015: THE EMERGING SCENARIO

The first decade in the next millennium will see the generation of the 'intelligent viruses' displaying fuzzy logic characteristics. These viruses will be programmed to alter their codes as and when they detect the presence of anti-virus programs. They will not only attack the traditional computer systems and communication networks, but also, software controlled components in cars, trains, air-traffic control systems, defense equipment, etc. The virus developers in all likelihood will include more and more young adolescents and even, children." Viruses will become the new tools of terrorism; giving rise to 'Cyber Terrorists'.

Since Internet will connect the farthest corners of the globe, the time it takes for a virus to proliferate will be greatly reduced. However, on the flip side, special software development tools will be available to common users to automatically develop anti-virus programs to counter most virus threats.

Defination of virus

A computer virus is a coded program that is written in Assembly or a system programming language such as ‘C’ to deliberately gain entry into a host system and modify existing programs and/or perform a series of action, without user consent.
        In this paper we would like to throw light on some of the unturned stones of the world of virus. We would start from history of the virus i.e. who created the first virus, for what purpose and hoe it affect to the computer. Then classification of viruses by to different methods:

•     General classification of the virus.

•     Behavioral classification of the virus.

        We covered the topic how nowadays viruses affects to the Mobiles, how they come to the mobile. The small and most important topic that we covered is the ‘Positive Virus’.
        We covered how the virus actually works in the host computer along with one example as they would enlighten our knowledge about viruses, this is because we want to secure of viruses and actually need to known how are they programmed and executed automatically.
        We also covered some information about the most popular viruses with  some vital information i.e. how they work, how much harmful to the host etc.
        At last we covered the solution for the virus i.e. Anti-virus. In this topic we covered how to detect the computer virus, how anti-virus works.

Can I simultaneously browse using WAP over GPRS and start the circuit switched dial-up connection (CSD or HSCSD) or send a FAX from the PC?

Yes. GPRS will be suspended while the CSD/HSCSD/FAX call from the PC is open. After ending the CSD/HSCSD/FAX call, the GPRS connection will be resumed automatically, the same way as with voice calls.

Can I surf on the Internet with my laptop using GPRS?

Yes. GPRS is optimal for 'bursty' applications like web-browsing: when you access a web page, the browser sends data to the web server, the server sends back the page that you requested and after that you can spend as much time as you need to read the page.

Most of the time you are not sending or receiving anything, but when you want to fetch a new page it is important that you can start sending and receiving data quickly again. This is exactly what GPRS is i.e. with a GPRS dial-up connection, you first open the connection, and then browse as long as you want without worrying about how long the connection will be open. Notice that many web pages are updated automatically, and thus data transfer can also happen. Please contact your network operator or service provider for more information.

Can I read my emails with my laptop using GPRS?

Yes. The GPRS dial-up connections set up will be done in a similar way as with traditional circuit switched data connections. When you want to read your email, connect to your mailbox and download the emails (or first the headers and the whole message only from the selected messages).

With class B GPRS mobiles you can receive speech calls while the GPRS dial-up connection is open. You can open the connection, download mails, reply to the downloaded mails, write and send new ones, and only after you stop working close the connection.

Can I use my GPRS mobile as a modem?

Yes. By using your GPRS mobile as a wireless modem with PC or PDA, it is possible to connect to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or company Intranet. Connection media may be e.g. infrared (between mobile phone and laptop).

What does Quality of Service mean?

There are defined Quality of Service (QoS) parameters for GPRS in order to support different quality requirements for different services. At the beginning the only QoS that the networks support is the best effort i.e. the network will transfer data depending on the network resources. Later there will be better QoS support in the networks
GPRS phone and laptop computer

What does GPRS roaming mean?

GPRS roaming means that you can use the same services when going abroad. While roaming the pricing of the GPRS services can be different in the foreign network than in the home network. Roaming needs an agreement between operators. You need to check before the trip whether your operator has a roaming agreement in the destination country.

Do I have my own IP-address when using GPRS?

Yes. When using WAP the mobile always requests a dynamic IP address from the network. When using GPRS dial-up connections either a static IP address can be used or a dynamic IP-address can be requested from the network.

Why doesn't Nokia GPRS mobile support 4 downlink timeslots?

Increasing multislot capacity does not necessarily increase transfer speed since the network provides only best effort delivery and the network load probably limits usage of higher multislot classes, especially to downlink direction.

Thus, Nokia sees that multislot class 6 (3+1, 2+2) provides a good service for mass market use e.g. WAP usage. Web browsing and e-mail sending/receiving reach a sufficient level for the end user.

What do I have to do if I want to connect to GPRS network using my Nokia GPRS mobile phone?

The mobile phone takes care of registration and connection creation to the GPRS service provided that GPRS service is available.
   
In Nokia mobile phones there are two options:


Always online - mode: If you have selected this mode (from settings menu), registration or connection* to GPRS network is performed automatically at power on (if GBRS network is available). Always online mode allows fast connection setup and delays are minimized when connecting e.g. to WAP services.

When needed - mode: When this mode is selected, GPRS registration and connection are established only when you start to use applications utilizing GPRS (e.g. WAP and PC dial-up). Connection and registration to GPRS service are closed when you end the WAP browser or PC dial-up application.
*The Always Online functionality depends on operator configuration. Please contact your network operator or service provider for further information.
There are three different classes for GPRS mobiles, A, B and C. Nokia phones support Class B. What do these classes mean? Class A:
Class A mobiles can be connected to both GPRS and GSM services simultaneously.

Class B:
Class B mobiles can be attached to both GPRS and GSM services, using one service at a time. Class B mobiles enable receiving and making a voice call or SMS during GPRS connection. During a voice call or SMS, GPRS service is suspended and resumes automatically after call or SMS session has ended.

Class C:
Class C mobile is attached to either GPRS or GSM voice service. You need to switch manually between services.

Nokia GPRS mobile supports 3+1 or 2+2 timeslot configuration (Multislot class 6). What does this mean and what kind of data transfer speed do I get?
The first digit indicates the number of downlink timeslots i.e. mobile is able to receive from the network. The second digit indicates the number of uplink timeslots i.e. how many timeslots mobile is able to transmit.

Nokia GPRS speeds are theoretically possible up to 64.2 kbit/sec under optimum network conditions. Nokia GPRS terminals support all four channel coding schemes specified in GPRS standard (9.05, 13.4, 15,6, 21.4 per timeslot). Top speeds are not yet possible with the current networks in place, and due to the packet switched nature, the typically achieved mean speeds vary between 15-25 kbit/sec. That makes mobile services comfortable to use. Multislot class 6 enables use of combinations up to 2+2, which is optimum for applications that need sending power e.g. email, and 3+1 for browsing and downloading. Current networks mainly support a maximum of 13.4kbit/sec per timeslot. When the user base grows in the cell, capacity is shared by network between each user. The network also takes care of error correction.

What does GPRS connection mean?

GPRS connection means that The mobile has been registered (GPRS attach) to the GPRS network
The connection (PDP context) between the mobile and the GPRS network has been created.

What is PDP context?

When PDP (Packet Data Protocol) context is activated we are able to transfer data. In practice this means that when you start a WAP or PC dial-up application, the GPRS connection between the phone and the network is created. It will be indicated in the display when the GPRS connection is on. When you end the application, the GPRS connection ends but the registration to the GPRS network remains.
PDP context also means that an IP address is given for the mobile and other subscriber related parameters are activated. First Nokia terminals have one connection (PDP context) at a time e.g. WAP over GPRS connection will be closed automatically when the GPRS dial-up (i.e. using GPRS with your laptop computer) connection is started. 

What does GPRS attach mean?

GPRS attach means that the mobile phone is registered to a GPRS network. GPRS attach is also allowing mobility i.e. the network is keeping track of the mobile movements. In addition, the mobile is authenticated and ciphering is enabled